EBITDA는 무엇일까?

EBITDA는 기업의 영업이익을 측정하는 지표 중 하나로, Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization의 약어입니다. 즉, 이자, 세금, 감가상각비 및 무형자산 감가상각비를 제외한 기업의 총 수익에서 비즈니스 운영을 위해 발생한 비용을 고려하지 않고 계산한 지표입니다.

EBITDA를 이해하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 예시를 들어볼 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, A라는 기업이 매출액 1억원, 인건비 3천만원, 임대료 2천만원, 감가상각비 1천만원, 이자비용 5천만원, 세금 2천만원을 가지고 있다고 가정해보겠습니다.

이 경우, A 기업의 EBITDA는 다음과 같이 계산됩니다.

EBITDA = 매출액 - 인건비 - 임대료 - 감가상각비
= 1억원 - 3천만원 - 2천만원 - 1천만원
= 4천만원

즉, A 기업의 EBITDA는 4천만원으로 계산됩니다. 이때, 이자비용과 세금을 제외한 나머지 비용들을 모두 고려한 수익에서 기업의 비즈니스 운영을 위한 비용을 제외한 순영업 이익을 의미합니다.

EBITDA를 비유적으로 설명해보면, 예를 들어, 한 공장에서 생산되는 제품의 원가를 계산할 때, 생산에 필요한 원자재 비용, 인건비, 공장 임대료 등을 모두 고려합니다. 그러나 생산에 필요한 고정비용(감가상각비, 이자, 세금 등)은 생산에 직접적으로 영향을 주지 않기 때문에 원가 계산에서 제외합니다. 이와 비슷하게, EBITDA는 기업의 총 수익에서 비즈니스 운영에 직접적으로 영향을 주지 않는 비용을 제외하여 계산하는 지표입니다.

하지만, EBITDA는 기업의 현금 흐름을 고려하지 않기 때문에 재무 건전성을 판단하는 데에는 제한이 있습니다. 따라서, EBITDA를 분석할 때에는 다양한 지표와 함께 종합적으로 고려하는 것이 중요합니다.

 

 

 

EBITDA is a metric that measures a company's operating profit and is an acronym for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization, which means it's calculated by subtracting a company's total revenue, excluding interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization of intangible assets, without taking into account the costs incurred to run the business.

To understand EBITDA, consider the following example. For example, let's say Company A has $100 million in revenue, $30 million in labor costs, $20 million in rent, $10 million in depreciation, $50 million in interest expense, and $20 million in taxes.

In this case, Company A's EBITDA is calculated as follows

EBITDA = Revenue - Labor - Rent - Depreciation
= 100 million won - 30 million won - 20 million won - 10 million won
= 40 million won

In other words, Company A's EBITDA is calculated as 40 million won. EBITDA is the net operating income, which is the revenue after taking into account all other expenses, excluding interest and taxes, but excluding the costs of running the business.

To explain EBITDA analogically, for example, when calculating the cost of a product produced in a factory, the cost of raw materials, labor, and factory rent are all taken into account, but the fixed costs of production (depreciation, interest, taxes, etc.) are excluded from the cost calculation because they don't directly affect production. Similarly, EBITDA is a metric calculated by subtracting costs that don't directly affect business operations from a company's gross revenue.

However, EBITDA is limited in its ability to determine financial health because it doesn't take into account a company's cash flow. Therefore, it's important to consider EBITDA in conjunction with a variety of other metrics when analyzing it.